冬小麦品种干旱胁迫后的恢复能力与水分利用效率的关系

为探讨营养生长期干旱胁迫-复水后的恢复力作为品种群体水平水分利用效率(WUE)鉴定指标的可能性,以冬小麦品种‘晋麦47’和‘京411’及其34个近等基因系为材料,利用半自动防雨棚与渗漏池开展模拟干旱实验,于拔节初期干旱较严重时复水,测定复水后的生物量积累作为恢复力,同时测定营养生长期末的株高以及品种/系的群体WUE,分析材料之间恢复力、株高、和群体WUE之间的差异,以及恢复力与群体WUE之间的相关性。结果发现,部分冬小麦品种/系之间恢复力达到显著差异,恢复力受基因型和生长环境共同影响,并且两者存在一定程度的互作。34个近等基因系与亲本在株高和群体WUE上均存在显著差异,品种/系的恢复力与株高之间呈显著的正相关关系,恢复力与株高分别与群体的产量水平的WUE呈极显著正相关关系。该研究结果初步表明,胁迫-复水后的恢复力可以作为品种在干旱条件下群体WUE鉴定评价的指标。     

棉花陆海染色体片段代换系BC_7F_2群体纤维产量和品质性状表现及相关分析

为了揭示棉花染色体片段代换系BC_7F_2纤维产量性状和品质性状之间的相关关系,筛选纤维品质优异的新材料。以1套陆海染色体片断代换系为材料,对BC7F2高代回交群体的产量性状与纤维品质性状的表性数据进行评价及偏相关分析。结果表明:群体各性状的平均值接近于轮回亲本‘中棉所36’,群体内存在丰富的遗传变异。纤维上半部平均长度超轮回亲本比例为30.25%,断裂比强度超轮回亲本比例为71.25%,衣分超轮回亲本比例为29.38%。总体上单铃重与马克隆值、整齐度指数呈极显著正相关,衣分与上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈显著负相关,与单铃重呈极显著负相关。从中筛选出部分纤维品质突出的单株,纤维上半部平均长度高于30.00 mm,断裂比强度高于31.00 cN/tex。     

抗白叶枯病籼稻DV_(85)在籼粳交中的遗传表现

抗白叶枯病籼稻品种DV_(85)与粳型广亲和系的亲和性较差。抗性基因在F_2代的分离,经卡平方测验,其抗感分离比显著偏离正常值,为异常分离。相关性分析显示这种异常分离与结实率、穗长、每穗粒数和千粒重无关。本文就籼粳杂交的配组形式和不同生育阶段对抗性基因分离的影响也进行了分析讨论。     

The suitability of some blood gas and biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools or early indicators of ascites syndrome in broiler sire lines

In recent few years, there have been some attempts to find a reliable indicator trait as a selection criterion against susceptibility to ascites syndrome (AS). Blood parameters were of great interest as they could be measured in live animals without implementing an ascites‐inducing challenge (AIC). In this work, the suitability of some blood parameters was evaluated for diagnosing AS‐susceptible chicks in later steps of the disease in trial 1 as well as their early predictive ability in trial 2. In the first trial, one hundred 1‐day‐old chicks from two pure broiler lines namely S₁ and S₂ and, in the second trial, 226 1‐day‐old chicks from line S₂ were subjected to AIC. Saline drinking water (1200 mg/l) and lower‐than‐standard ambient temperatures were the implemented AICs in trials 1 and 2 respectively. The blood parameters including pH, partial pressure of O₂ (pO₂), partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), bicarbonate ion concentration (BIC), percentage of haematocrit (HCT) and saturated haemoglobin (SaO₂) were measured twice per each bird at days 28 and 35 in trial 1 and once in trial 2 at day 21. The results of the first trial revealed that in line S₂ some of the blood parameters differed significantly between the ascitic and non‐ascitic groups following exposure to AIC. In this line, the incidence of AS was accompanied by a lower pO₂, SaO₂ and BIC, while with higher pCO₂ and HCT values. In the second trial, however, although almost all of the parameters showed meaningful differences between the ascitic and non‐ascitic broilers, only mean difference of BIC parameter was statistically significant. The general conclusion of this study is that the blood parameters can somewhat have diagnostic ability in the condition in which the AIC is already present, whereas the results did not approve their usefulness as early predictors of AS.     

条形浅基础极限承载力的滑移线解

当网格剖分足够密时，采用差分解法可得到具有足够精度的有重土静力极限平衡数值解。根据大量计算分析，揭示了有效旁侧荷载宽度L、无量纲极限承载力 / 与内摩擦角 、无量纲参数λ的内在规律，据此将滑移线法数值解拟合为简洁的解析表达式，并在理论上证明了这一规律。通过与几种经典承载力公式的比较和分析，综合对该拟合公式的可靠度分析，论证了其正确性和可行性。     

水稻闭颖授粉特性的遗传及其生物学意义

在正常条件下,水稻闭颖授粉特性是一种罕见的性状。已知具有这种特性的水稻品种有兴除1号和小麦稻。遗传分析表明,闭颖授粉受一对隐性核基因控制。试验结果表明,开花期遇到低温或连续降雨时,这种特性有利于水稻受精结实。此外还可看到,闭颖授粉特性能防止异花授粉,对保持种性有重要的生物学意义。     

Power Frequency Electric Field Caused by EHV Lines and Its Effect

Mathematical model of power frequency electric field is established based on Charge Simulation Method(CSM) to analyze power frequency electric field caused by EHV lines with overhead ground wires and its effect, which are entering the megalopolis. Calculative method on the electric field under the transmission lines is analyzed and validated. According to the criterion of environmental evaluation, the distributing characteristic of electric field is summarized, in case of various arrangement manners of lines. At last, some advice and methods of eliminating electric field under the transmission lines entering the megalopolis is proposed with regard to protecting environment.     

陆地棉同核异质系异源胞质的遗传效应

通过核代换培育了具有亚洲棉(G.arboreum)、草棉(C.herbaceum)、异常棉(G.anomalum)、长萼棉(G.longicalyx)、哈克尼西棉(G.harknesii)、海岛棉(G.barbadense)、和陆地棉(C.hirsutum)野生种系蓬蓬棉(G.h.purpurascens)、墨西哥野生棉(C.h.mexicanum)等8个棉属种和种系胞质的中棉所7号同核系,并培育了中棉所7号自交系。在检验同核异质系核的同质性基础上研究了胞质遗传效应,结果所有供研究的胞质对产量、产量性状及除花器官外的形态特征均没有显著影响,胞质的遗传效应主要表现对花器官及抗枯萎病性的影响;哈克尼西棉胞质导致雄性完全不育并显著增加花药数量,笔形冠长度和直径显著变小,亚洲棉和异常棉胞质引起花药数量显著减少,笔形冠形状发生显著变化,亚洲棉胞质对抗枯萎病有较显著效应。     

小麦品种纹枯病抗性鉴定

小麦纹枯病是由禾谷丝核菌 (Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｃｅｒｅ ａｌｉｓ)侵染所致的土传病害[1 ] 。近年来 ,该病害在湖北省麦区发生日趋严重[2 ,3] ,已逐渐成为生产上的一种重要病害。培育抗纹枯病品种和鉴定筛选抗源并在育种工作中加以利用是控制该病害的重要途径。本研究对湖北省麦区近年来推广的 2 5个品种以及从全国各地征搜集的 548份材料进行了鉴定和筛选 ,以期明确湖北省麦区品种的抗性现状 ,为育种单位提供抗源和小麦品种合理布局提供科学依据。1　材料与方法1 .1　材　料供试小麦品种为湖北省近年来推广品种 2 5个和从全国各地征搜…     

Mining Applicable Elite Alleles of Growth Duration,Plant Height and Panicle Number per Plant by Conditional QTL Mapping in Japonica Rice

Unconditional and conditional QTL mapping were conducted for growth duration (GD), plant height (PH) and effective panicle number per plant (PN) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two japonica rice varieties Xiushui 79 and C Bao. The RIL population consisted of 254 lines was planted in two environments, Nanjing and Sihong, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that additive effects were major in all of QTLs for GD, PH and PN detected by the two methods, and the e...